Merits And Demerits Of Documents And Drawings Assignment

Benefits And Demerits Of Documents And Drawings - Assignment Example Then again, drawings is characterized as a representation that is drawn utilizing the hand and might be distributed in a book, magazine, or paper; this can be any structure introduction of object(s) on a surface by utilization of lines (Calloway 12). In this paper, will talk about the benefits and demits of records and drawings as per the history with respect to Indians and the historical backdrop of American west. To begin with, the reports and drawings were open and solid to the non authority and the understudies; archives and drawings were drawn from an assortment of clans. They gave a dependable method to pass out data starting with one individual or nation then onto the next educate regarding lessons in light of the fact that gave an arrive at history sources. In the Indians and west America history, books were utilized as a method of correspondence; books and other print media furnished individuals with a compelling method to pass information. In any case, there was a printed m agazine. These magazines furnished individuals with data of current undertakings about events in their particular nations. Along these lines, the printed reports and the drawings were dependable and open to individuals particularly understudies and non-expert. This implies the requests for understudies and non authority were met (Calloway 56). In the Indian and west American history, reports and drawings were responsible; with the creation of composing and attracting the particular countries.... In any case, the drawings and the records gives increasingly definite data; archives and drawings gave a more precised and significant data. In this book, a lot of data about the Indian culture and the lost west is given, the Indians simply like the lost west utilized drawings and archives. They found that records and drawings gave more data contrasted with verbal data. A large portion of their diaries or works were done in drawings and archives in type of books and other print media. These archives and the drawings could without much of a stretch give clear guidance which could undoubtedly be trailed by another understudies or non master. Throughout the entire existence of the Indians and the lost west, books and made an interpretation of materials were utilized to convey and communicate people’s thoughts. For this situation, we find that data passed by works or prints created progressively significant and precised data. The various clans like Mandans, Lakotas and Pawnees in the individual nations could without much of a stretch convey by means of the reports (Calloway 80). Be that as it may, throughout the entire existence of the Indians and the lost west, reports and the drawings were viewed as the least expensive type of correspondence which could be handily deciphered. In many event throughout the entire existence of the Indians and the lost west, were meant numerous different dialects, records and drawings fulfilled the needs of different clans. The archives for instance, books could be written in another dialect. They couldn't be effectively be comprehended by another clan in the particular domains in Indians and lost west. Along these lines, there was delegated work force who were depended by the rest to interpret. The individual could without much of a stretch decipher the composed archive or reports such that could empower others to comprehend (Calloway 120). In

Autism and the link to Mercury-containing vaccines

Mental imbalance and the connection to Mercury-containing immunizations Free Online Research Papers Mental imbalance, would it be able to be brought about by a mercury-containing antibody? This is an inquiry that hasn’t been addressed unmistakably. In this manner, causing guardians, of kids with mental imbalance, to poor their time and cash into inefficient interests; different guardians become reluctant to immunize their kids. So what are the genuine reasons for chemical imbalance? To begin with, how does mercury influence the human body? To begin, there are three types of mercury: methyl mercury, essential mercury, and other mercury mixes. Methyl mercury is typically retained into the body by eating fish and shellfish that contain methyl mercury. The impact of methyl mercury in newborn children, youngsters and even unborn infants is debilitated neurological turn of events. Basic mercury is just poisonous when it’s in fume structure and ingested through the lungs. The impacts of essential mercury, relies upon the measure of presentation. For limited quantities, the indications are tremors, enthusiastic changes, a sleeping disorder, neuromuscular changes, cerebral pains, unsettling influences in sensations, changes in nerve reactions, and execution deficiencies on trial of intellectual capacity. At higher exposures side effects are kidney impacts, respiratory disappointment and demise. Other mercury mixes, inorganic and natural, are both retained through the gastrointestinal tract. High introduction can influence the gastrointestinal tract, the sensory system, and the kidneys. Second, what is chemical imbalance? Mental imbalance is a long lasting formative issue, described by hindered social cooperation, social correspondence and social creative mind. (Fernandes, 2010) It is likewise know as a gathering of diseases that include delays in the improvement of numerous essential aptitudes, most prominently the capacity to mingle or frame associations with others just as the capacity to convey and to utilize creative mind (counting dream play). (Hirsch, Autism) There are numerous types of chemical imbalance: Autistic confusion; a turmoil that ordinarily influences kids 3 years or more youthful, it impacts their social collaborations, correspondence, and creative play. This is the structure a great many people consider when contemplating mental imbalance. Asperger’s condition; this type of chemical imbalance is lesser structure then that of medically introverted confusion. It doesn’t influence the child’s language abilities, yet at the same time influences their social aptitudes and limits their innovative abilities. Unavoidable formative issue (PDD), otherwise called atypical chemical imbalance; this is a sort of catchall classification for youngsters who have some mentally unbalanced issues yet who dont fit into different classifications. (Hirsch, Understanding) Rett disorder; kids with retts, for the most part end up being young ladies, will in general begin regularly then begin to decay. Most start to decay at an age extending somewhere in the range of 1 and 4. They start to misfortune their correspondence and social aptitudes, tedious hand developments supplant deliberate utilization of the hands. Youth disintegrative confusion; these kids grow typically for in any event two years, and afterward lose a few or the greater part of their correspondence and social abilities. (Hirsch, Understanding) At present, the reason for chemical imbalance isn’t clear. A few investigations have indicated that mental imbalance could be brought about by qualities; others show that chemical imbalance could be brought about by specific medications or synthetic concoctions that the mother interacts with during pregnancy. Still different investigations are taking a gander at whether chemical imbalance can be brought about by other clinical issues or by something in your child’s environmental factors. A few guardians have proposed that there is a connection between youth antibodies that contain mercury, and chemical imbalance. This is on the grounds that guardians originally noticed the indications of mental imbalance not long after the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) antibody, a mercury subordinate. Most instances of chemical imbalance are noted during the ages of 1 and 2 years, the MMR antibody is first given to kids at 12 to 15 months old enough; along these lines could be only an i rrelevant possibility event. (Hirsch, Autism) So does mercury containing immunizations cause chemical imbalance? As indicated by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) authorities have known about a connection between thimerosal, another mercury subordinate, and chemical imbalance since 2000. In June of 2000, CDC and FDA had an investigation done by Tom Verstraeten. They needed confirmation that a connection among thimerosal and neurological issue was not genuine. Shockingly for them, the inverse was valid. Verstraeten had investigated the clinical records of 100,000 youngsters in the CDC database and found that there was a connection among thimerosal and neurological issue. Numerous cases indicated kids with side effects of neurological issue, for example, discourse delays, a lack of ability to concentrate consistently confusion, hyperactivity, and mental imbalance, subsequent to accepting a thimerosal immunization. (Klotter, 2006) Research on this specific subject has lead us to the CDC and the FDA’s study. It would seem that the CDC and the FDA found a connection between mercury-containing antibodies and chemical imbalance. The inquiry presently is: have they taken care of business? References: Fernandes, T. Chemical imbalance. Nursing Standard 0029-6570 (2010): 24. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 6 July 2010. <http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=truedb=rzhAN=2010599877site=ehost-live>. Hirsch, David. Chemical imbalance Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and then some. child rearing. WebMD.com, 3 Sept. 2009. Web. 6 July 2010. <webmd.com/ child rearing/control/psychological well-being autism>. Hirsch, David. Understanding Autism the Basics. Mind. WebMD.com, 20 Nov. 2009. Web. 6 July 2010. <webmd.com/mind/mental imbalance/ understanding-chemical imbalance basics>. Klotter, Jule. Thimerosal, antibodies, and autism.(vaccine additives thimersoal interface with mental imbalance )(Report). Townsend Letter: The Examiner of Alternative Medicine 273 (2006): 28+. Scholastic OneFile. Web. 6 July 2010. Research Papers on Autism and the connection to Mercury-containing vaccinesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andStandardized TestingThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesGenetic EngineeringThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees

Creating Dynamic Characters Your Readers Will Love

Creating Dynamic Characters Your Readers Will Love You hear a lot about dynamic characters and the reasons for creating them. For a book to become a bestseller, dynamic characters are a necessity. But what is a dynamic character and how does an author pull that multi-dimensional character from his or her mind and on to a three-dimensional page?The official definition of a dynamic character is one who undergoes changes throughout the narrative, due to conflicts he encounters on his journey. The unofficial definition is a character who, throughout the story, is starkly and wonderfully human. Lets explore that for a minute or two and determine what traits take a character from static and flat, to dynamic and rounded.Creating a dynamic character involves the changes that take place throughout the narrative. Photo by Ollyy on Shutterstock.Real people change, but they do it slowlyYouve likely heard the adage that people dont change, and perhaps in some ways, this holds true. However, its not really telling the full storyâ€"which is, people can and do change, its just extremely difficult for that change to occur. And this is the reason a dynamic character (who changes over the course of the narrative) is so difficult to create.The character arc a dynamic character must demonstrate is one that takes him or her from the familiar or ordinary, into something extraordinary, and its this adventure that brings about a change. As demonstrated in the heros journey, the hero must leave the ordinary world, have moments of self-doubt, meet a mentor or teacher, gain allies and enemies, and enter into the dark night of the soul to go through these kinds of changes. It isnt something that happens overnight and it isnt something that occurs without exceptional effort.Real people make mistakes and are far from perfectIf you go about creating a character who is absolutely perfect in every way, your readers simply wont identify with him or her. The reason? Well, we all know ourselves and we all know that were far from perfect (although not everyone admits that).We all are flawed and thats what makes us human, so your protagonist needs flaws, as well. Maybe your protagonist worries too much about what others think, so she goes out of his way to appease someone she shouldnt appease? Or maybe your protagonist hits the bottle too much and gets sloppy on the job while facing a battle with alcoholism? However you do it, ensure that your characters have real flaws that help readers identify with them on some human level.Real people have a backstorySit a group of writers together in a room and youll have a room full of interesting people. However, let those writers start telling where they came from, how they grew up, who their first love was, their religious background, and the one thing theyre most embarrassed about having doneâ€"youll then have a room riveting stories and characters. And thats exactly what needs to happen to the characters you create.Providing your characters with a backstory gives them added dimension . They become more than a name, a face, a career, and the clothes they wearâ€"they become human. We see them as so much more because in knowing their backstory, or at least the highlight reel of it, we now have a greater understanding about why they act a certain way, what their motivations are, or what makes them tick, and these are all important qualities that a writer must relate to build a strong, dynamic character.Real people make mistakesAnother unquestionably human trait we all have is that we make mistakes. Those of us who claim otherwise are fooling no one but themselves. This is why its important to give your character limited access to knowledge of whats going on around them, or even a tendency toward a certain mistake that is a core element of their personality.Alternately, one of the best ways to have your character make mistakes is to put him or her in a situation that would be out of almost anyones depth. Doing so adds humanity and gives your reader a sense of empathy for the character, knowing that it would be a tough situation for anyone to face, and thus one thats prone to elicit mistakes. Your reader will immediately recognize the characters limitations (because weve all faced similar ones in situations out of our depth) and in doing so, see the characters humanity, as well.Real people have quirksYour character should have traits and quirks that add dimension to him or her. Beyond eye color, ethnicity, job or title, your character needs depth of emotion, physicality, personality and spirituality. Since the best writing is that which aims to show rather than tell, this article on mannerisms that will bring your character to life goes into extensive detail about how to show your characters traits, without resorting to telling your reader outright.For example, if your character has a tendency to lie or not tell the whole truth, he might pause while speaking a lot, or offer unnecessary details. If your character has social anxiety, she might kee p her arms crossed defensively or chain smoke while out in public. Or maybe your character has narcissistic traits, so he takes a lot of selfies, or waits for someone else to do tasks he should be doing himself. These are all ways to add character quirks and traits throughout your writing and add dimension to the characterâ€"even if that dimension isnt always positive.Real people face conflict and it changes them (for better or worse)Since the definition of a dynamic character is one who changes in the face of conflict, its important to understand the role that conflict plays in developing such characters. Without doubt, Cormac McCarthys The Road is a great example of how this is done.The Road follows the journey of a father and son in a post-apocalyptic landscape as they struggle to survive in the face of a decaying world (man vs. nature) and cannibalistic gangs or bloodcults (man vs. man). The father must also deal with his role as protector for his young son in a world that is di fficult for anyone to manage and survive, much less someone responsible for the life of a child (man vs. self).In Chris Gilberts study, Illuminating Character Identity, Motivation, and Conflict in Cormac McCarthys The Road, he observes how the character responds to each conflict and changes in the process. Of courseâ€"at the core of his observation is how the characters are decidedly and tragically human throughout these obstacles and the resulting changes. He writes:[The Road] provokes questions about human motivation or, more essentially, human nature. Although other literary works take up this theme as well, The Road is unique in that it depicts the behavior of characters who are no longer informed and controlled by social institutions: there are no schools to learn in, no laws to obey, and no people to govern. In other words, this is a novel that suggests how humans behave when no one else is watching. Human nature is on blatant display, and more often than not, it is exceedingl y disturbing.Chris Gilbert, The English JournalGilbert mentions how he is often questioned why he chooses The Road to teach students about characterization, and his response is that these two figures, described as each others world entire, sustain an intensely uplifting relationship that captivates and transports the reader beyond the charred settings of the novel. In other words, they are a perfect study of how building a dynamic character, even in a devastating setting and plot, can be done. Or as Gilbert puts it, These two characters have provided me with invaluable opportunities to engage students in meaningful character analysis, critical inquiry, and self-reflection.Real people lose faithAlong the archetypical heros journey mentioned earlier, the hero faces what is known as the dark night of the soul. It is a moment of atonement, of recognizing the monster within, and coming to terms with what must be done to defeat it. Without this moment, the metamorphosis of selfâ€"the chan ge that is neededâ€"cannot occur. You can think of it as the moment when a caterpillar encloses itself in a cocoon to be alone and face the darkness.The humanity of your characters shines through most when they lose faith and experience the dark night of the soul. Photo by Edwin Andrade on Unsplash.In the same sense, when your characters go through this dark night of the soul, it is a moment that is both necessary and important for the character arc to happen. It is a moment of lost faith, of sadness, of mourning for what has gone and trying to find the willpower to move forward. For a character to become dynamicâ€"that is, to change over the course of the conflicts and narrativeâ€"he or she must go through this cocooning process and come out on the other side of it victorious. Its at the core of what creates a dynamic character and will inevitably move your character from merely interesting to completely memorable.

Bipolar Disorder and Its Possible Diagnosis - 603 Words

List possible diagnosis. AXIS I: The most probable diagnosis from Axis I would be Bipolar I disorder, single manic episode, with mood congruent psychotic features. The client also presents some symptoms of delusional disorder and schizoaffective disorder, put the presence or absence of certain features rule these diagnoses out. AXIS II: No personality disorder is evident. AXIS III: The client does not present with any relevant or associated medical condition. AXIS IV: The client has not experienced any major psychosocial stressor lately that would contribute to the presenting symptoms. AXIS V: On the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, the client would score somewhere in the range of 21 30. Rationale: Provide reasoning for the diagnosis. The symptoms presented by the client are characteristic of Bipolar I disorder with single manic episode. The defining features of this diagnosis are a single manic episode with no history of major depressive episodes. The manic episode is characterized by a distinct and persistent period of abnormal mood that is elevated and expansive that lasts for at least one week. The most prominent features of the manic episode presented by the client include a sense of grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, increased talkativeness, and an increase in behavior that is goal directed. This manic episode has caused disruption in the clients professional life, and the symptoms are not a result of physiological effects from anyShow MoreRelatedShould Bipolar Disorder Be Diagnosed? Children?1731 Words   |  7 Pages Should Bipolar Disorder be Diagnosed in Children? Emily Gell Brookdale Community College  Manic depression disorder, more commonly known today as bipolar disorder, is a mental illness that can affect any age, race, or gender. It is not prejudiced, and has a grim prognosis if the symptoms are not treated or controlled in some fashion. 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Bipolar II is a less harsh form of mood elevation, causing milder episodes of hypomania that may alternate with spurts of deep depressionRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1486 Words   |  6 Pagespeople may think that having bipolar disorder means that anyone with the disorder are just simply put, â€Å"crazy†, I was one of those people but the meanings of those two things couldn’t possibly be any more different. Bipolar disorder is defined as â€Å"A disorder associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.†(google.com) â€Å"Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness with recurring episodes of mania and depression†(nami.org). â €Å"The term â€Å"bipolar† — which means â€Å"two poles† signifyingRead MoreChildren With Bipolar Disorder : The National Institute Of Mental Health1590 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Essay Professor Wissman November 5, 2015 Children with Bipolar Disorder The National Institute of Mental Health has defined bipolar disorder as a serious mental illness that is marked by extreme changes in mood that range between two states: manic and depressive. Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is classified as a mood disorder. This disorder goes beyond the typical ups and downs. 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Multi Ethnic And Socio Cultural Background Of Nigeria

1.0. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Problem indication Nigeria is unique and embellished with a very rich culture and diversities. Because of the multi-ethnic and socio-cultural background that Nigeria is known for, the work environment in this setting is still far from what the western organizational system operates in. Beliefs, ethnic background, stereotypic way of work ethics and level of exposure seems to all play a key role in the way employers, managers would want their employees to engage in the task assigned to them. Crafting of one’s job or making self-initiated changes to the boundaries of job tasks by Wrezesniewski Dutton (2001) which is a newer concept mostly explored in the west is perceived as an idea that is unacceptable in some†¦show more content†¦These includes but not limited to brain drain, erosion of university autonomy, obsolete job designs, lack of proper funding for infrastructural buildings and obsolete research equipment, decreasing quality. Globalization is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that drives most of the changes in the educational system (Obioma, 2011). In the world of today, globalization makes borderless education or what is referred to as transnational border to develop new international partnerships and networks (Zelza, 2005). However, this could be said to have made a little in-road into some of the university educational systems but not fully. Nigerian university educational systems and structures are still based on a centuries old system of knowledge organization, largely influenced by 19th century academic traditions. The federal character principle which the government introduced for appointing, recruiting of individuals into various organizations to allow for equal representation across the six geo-political zones of the federation is also not completely free from tribalism and socio-cultural displays and ethnicity, religion, stereotypic ways of work ethics of the active players in the educational sector (Ebijuwa, 1999). Furthermore, all these seems to play key roles in the way Management, Head of Departments, would want their workers and subordinates to

Deviance and Crime (Sociology) Free Essays

One of the ways in which sociologists theorize deviance is through the control theory. This theory was first pioneered by Travis Hirschi in 1969. The control theory suggests that a person who does commit serious crimes is free of any emotional, social feelings and for those that do not commit crimes are able to control themselves to not commit crimes and behave in an acceptable manner in society without being a danger to others. We will write a custom essay sample on Deviance and Crime (Sociology) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Basically, this theory emphasizes that a person from birth is capable of acting in criminal behaviour, but the social factors affect a person from committing criminal acts or not. Within this theory there are four factors in which someone will not commit in any deviant behaviour. These factors are attachment, commitment, involvement and belief . Attachment applies to affection that a person has for their parents or friends, etc. and does not want to disappoint or hurt by involving themselves into delinquent behaviour. Commitment is used to describe what a person has to lose when they involve themselves in committing crimes, etc. such as having a high standing in society or whether they are in school or are employed. Involvement refers to the amount of time a person invests in something that keeps them busy such as any extracurricular activities, for example, which would prevent them from having the time to commit crimes. The final factor belief refers to a person’s own belief system and whether or not they choose to follow societal rules and that if they do believe in these rules, they would be less likely to act in a deviant manner. These bonds that are presented by Hirschi are meant to represent that they control our behaviour through social contraventions and are not necessarily laws that are within our society. Basically, this theory best describes the reasons in which deviance is theorized because it takes into effect all of the reasons in which a person would or would not act in a deviant manner. The four bonds that were mentioned above highlight the factors that are important in almost everyone’s lives and that if any of those are missing in our lives, it would lead us to act in devious ways. An example in which describes the way in which these social bonds can present hemselves when they are no longer there are described in the article â€Å"Key Idea: Hirschi’s Social Bond/Social Control Theory† when they describe how a person would still stop at a stop sign in the middle of nowhere with no other traffic and no police cars observing. This is a good example because it shows that a person is still worried about any possible implications that a bad decision would affect them. The control theory is a theory, which could best to explain deviance and why people act in a d eviant manner. The reason why is that the manner in which people are raised and who they are surrounded by. For example, someone does not commit any crimes because of the fact that they have family and friends and conform to society’s rules so that they could continue to have the bonds that they have with their friends and family, but when that bond is broken, that leaves room for the person to partake in deviant acts. Some of the weaknesses that can be pointed out in this factor could be that some delinquents who are underage could possibly have less parental supervision and that they would be free to experiment with different things whether it is illegal or not. Another weakness in this theory is that a person is not essentially capable of committing criminal acts from birth, but there are events in a person’s life where they need or want to involve themselves in criminal acts. This theory is the better theory when describing deviance. This is the better theory because it takes into effect most of the reasons why a person would or would not take part in deviant behaviour. The four social bonds that are described within this theory are things that a person would hold dear and would not jeopardize these relationships or beliefs and feelings by partaking in criminal or deviant behaviour. How to cite Deviance and Crime (Sociology), Essay examples

Computing System Feasibility Study and Its Role Within The Analysis o

Question: You are employed as a junior analyst by 'MFSAD', a new enterprise developing business systems. You have been asked to write a report that discusses the importance of a feasibility study in the analysis of a system. You are to include discussion on: 1. What is a feasibility study and its role within the analysis/investigation of a system. 2. The components of a feasibility report. 3. Feasibility criteria and their impact on an investigation. 4. Fact finding tchniques employed in the analysis. Answer: Feasibility Study Feasibility study is the analysis of a problem that occurs in a system and determining the effective solution of the problem. For conducting a feasibility study some fields of study must be taken into consideration. These fields are economical, operational and technical fields of the system. It is important to study the feasibility of a system to know the outcome that can be obtained from the system. It is a process of analyzing the problems that are going to be faced in conducting a project and check the possibility of solving the problems. It is a method through which it is seen that whether a project or a system will work or not, the benefits and cost of the project and can the computing system be technically constructed. Need or purpose of feasibility study by the entrepreneurs After developing a business plan or concept the next step that must be taken is to check the feasibility of the plan (Issa and Flood, 2014). For doing this the entrepreneurs goes for few questioning about the outcome of the business concept and the future aspect of the project on which they are planning to invest. Hence, through a feasibility study it is determined that the project is demographically possible or not (Goto et al., 1999). Therefore it helps the entrepreneurs to know about the future risk of the project and also helps in further decision taking (McCarty, 1969). Feasibility questions for the survey and development While conducting a feasibility study for a computing system few questions comes into mind of the entrepreneurs, to know, whether or not the system is suitable for investment. These questions are as follows (Exemplary feasibility study of chiropractic, 2000): What are the actual services rendered by the system? The target customers for whom the system is made for. What is the benefit or outcome of the project for the organization? How to bring the product or service in the market for sale? Role of feasibility report in analysis of the system The main role of feasibility study is described in the points below (Needham and Herbert, 1982): It helps to know the future aspect of a project or a business plan. It helps to know the cost and benefits of a project. It helps to know the risk that may occur while conducting the project and the possible way of overcoming the risks. It helps to know whether the project is technically possible or not. Component of feasibility report After conducting feasibility study of a system a feasibility report is made to represent the outcome of the study made on the system that helps the audience of the report to take proper decision regarding the system. A feasibility report has several components that are discussed in details in the points given below (Scheurer, 1994): Executive Summary The executive summary contains the brief discussion about the entire project that is presented at the beginning of the report. It is max of two to three pages and the main points discussed in the report are presented in this heading (Sobhani and Najimi, 2014). In other words it can be said that it includes the entire discussion of the project in short. It provides the audience with an idea that what has been discussed in the entire report and how the study has been conducted. Background information of the organization: In this section the background of the organization for which the report is conducted is described. This includes the summary of the background information of the organization, information about the stakeholders of the organization, the name; address, each and every details of the organization that is mandatory for conducting the entire feasibility report (Wolf, 2001). It is important because to know the feasibility of a project it is important to know the organizer of the project. Proposed system or plan: This section is the largest portion of the feasibility report that is used to describe the proposed plans for system or project that is to be made in the future (T. El-Madany et al., 2012). This section includes many components that are discussed to know the feasibility of the project. Some of the important components of this section are discussed below: Description of the plan: The description of the plan is the brief idea of the project that is to be conducted. It includes the entire proposal and business concept that the entrepreneurs want to be checked and examined. The entire analysis is made on this proposal and the outcome is represented in the report. Advantage and disadvantage of the plan: This section includes the pros and cons of the proposal and describes how the system in beneficial or negatively effective for the organization. In this section the advantages and the disadvantages of conducting the project is discussed and the risk of the project is also mentioned in this section. Cost of the plan or proposed system: In this section the cost of conducting the project is analyzed and the cost is compared with the budget to know whether the project is possible for the organization or not. The cost of the project is also compared with the outcome profit of the project to know that the project is beneficial for the organization or not. Comparison of current and proposed situation Here in this section the current situation of the organization is compared with the proposed situation to know the benefits of the project. It helps the stakeholders of the organization to take decision regarding the approval of the project. Project schedule: The project schedule includes all information about the timing fixed for each work to be conducted while completing the proposal and the time boundary for completing the proposed plan is evaluated to know the feasibility of the system (Yang and Ma, 2013). Final recommendation: The final recommendation about the feasibility of the proposed system or plan is presented in this section that helps the organization to take proper decision regarding the project. It helps the management team to know whether any changes in needed to be made, or what are the possibilities of the proposed plans. Feasibility criteria For conducting feasibility study for a system the basic feasibility criteria are as follows (Calyam et al., 2014): 1. Technology: This checks whether the computing system is technically possible or not. What are the technical problems that may occur while making the system and whether the problems can be minimized or not. 2. Operational: As per these criteria it is checked that whether or not the project will operate to fulfill the desire of the organization and provide outcome as per the requirement of the organization. 3. Schedule: This checks the time constraints of making the computing system and sees whether or not the project can be completed as per the planned schedule. 4. Economic: This criterion deals with the cost and benefits of the proposed project and sees the future valuation of the project for the benefit of the organization (Danhof and Smith, 1981). 5. Legal: As per this criterion it is checked that the project or proposal is legally approved or not. What are the legal issues related with the proposal of the system and how this issues can be solved for completion of the project. 6. Social: As per this criterion the social effects of the proposed plan is checked. It is seen that how the project effects the environment and the society. Impact of feasibility study Feasibility study is conducted on pre-conduction of the proposed plan or project. It is not always totally correct and there remains a chance of miscommunication in this study. The analysis is done on only the proposal which is different from that of real situation. The real situation can be less or more adverse. But in most cases this study is highly helpful for the management team to take a proper decision. The main impact of the study is an increase in the budget of the organization because of the cost incurred for conducting the feasibility analysis. But it is generally helpful in nature in most of the cases. References Calyam, P., Berryman, A., Welling, D., Mohan, S., Ramnath, R. and Ramnathan, J. (2014). VDPilot: feasibility study of hosting virtual desktops for classroom labs within a federated university system.IJCC, 3(2), p.158. Danhof, K. and Smith, C. (1981).Computing system fundamentals. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. Exemplary feasibility study of chiropractic. (2000).Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies, 5(1), pp.31-32. Goto, H., Sugiura, T., Harada, Y. and Kazui, T. (1999). Feasibility of using the automatic generating system for quartz watches as a leadless pacemaker power source.Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 37(3), pp.377-380. Issa, R. and Flood, I. (2014).Computing in civil and building engineering. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers. McCarty, D. (1969).Feasibility study. Washington: National Center for Educational Research and Development [for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]. Needham, R. and Herbert, A. (1982).The Cambridge distributed computing system. London: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. Scheurer, T. (1994).Foundations of computing. Wokingham, England: Addison-Wesley. Sobhani, J. and Najimi, M. (2014). Numerical study on the feasibility of dynamic evolving neural-fuzzy inference system for approximation of compressive strength of dry-cast concrete.Applied Soft Computing, 24, pp.572-584.

Abortion Essays (747 words) - Fertility, RTT, Abortion,

Abortion Abortion is the worst thing a woman can do against human dignity. It is a crime against life. No woman has the right to kill a new living being. Many countries ban abortion and many institutions fight against it. Abortion is immoral and it should not be legalized. Abortion is also a threat to the mother's health. A woman can suffer an infection or internal bleeding. She could also become sterilized, the permanent inhability to bear a child. Abortion not only kills the baby but may kill the mother too. During an abortion, despite the use of local anesthesia, 97% of the women report severe pain, and if a more powerful drug is used she could suffer dangerous side effects. Many complications are common after an abortion, like inflammation of the reproductive organs. As well, there is strong evidence that abortion increases the risk of breast cancer. Women that abort increase their chances of getting breast cancer by 50%, and teenagers with no previous pregnancies that abort after the 8th week increase their probability by 80%. Unicef states that 250,000 women die every year because of legal and illegal abortions: 75,000 of them die of self-inflicted abortions; 75,000 die of convulsions; and the other 100,000 die of blood poisoning caused by an infection of the uterus. Therefore, if abortion is legalized there will be not only more fetal murders but also more mothers will die. None of the methods women use to abort are completly safe. One of the most common methods used is Suction Aspiration. The doctor uses a special tool to suck the baby into a collection bottle. Great care must be taken to prevent the uterus from being damaged, which would cause hemorrhage. A woman with hemorrhage will need a blood transfusion that could cause her AIDS. Also infection may easily occur if fetal tissue is left behind in the uterus. Another method used for babies as old as twenty four weeks, is the Dilation and Evacuation. Sharp jaws are used to grasp different parts of the unborn baby which are then torn away. The skull of the baby must be crushed to facilitate the procedure. Another technique used by a lot of pregnant women is the RU486. The RU486 are pills used to abort the undesired child. These pills have very dangerous side effects. They could cause severe bleeding, nausea, vomiting, pain, and even death. In France a woman died because of this drug while others suffered life threatning heart attacks. Also RU486 can cause severe malformations in later pregnancies. Therefore the baby is not the only one that is endangered. The baby's mother not only has to deal with physical consequences, but also psychological problems that could last for a lifetime. Women that abort usually suffer severe traumas. Once, a woman was rapped by five men. She didn't want to have the child, but her pain and embarrasment were so great that she couldn't abort until the last month. She is still in psychological treatment. Psychologist Wanda Franz states, "Women feel worthless because they failed at the most natural of human activities, the role of being a mother." Women report horrible nightmares of children calling them from a trash can full of body parts and blood. Surgical abortions aren't as traumatic as chemical abortions. Women having chemical abortions often see the complete tiny bodies of their babies and are even able to distinguish the developing hands and eyes. So traumatic is this for some future mothers that it is recommended that women that are not prepared for this, do not take the drug. Researchers call these phychological problems the Post Abortion Syndrome (PAS). Women that suffer from PAS experience drug and alcohol abuse, personal relationship problems, repeated abortions, and even suicide. Of all the women that abort, 56% feel guilty and suffer PAS. In the United States there are over 3000 Pregnancy Crisis Centers which help women that are facing unplanned pregnancies. They make the future mothers realize that her baby deserves to have the chance of living. They tell them that if they can't support the baby then she could give it up for adoption but not kill him. Do women have the right to steal the life of a new living being? Killing a person is illegal, so why should a fetal murder be legal? You have to ask yourself these questions and realize that when a woman aborts, she is acting like any other murderer. Researchers have discovered that life begins at the moment of conception in the mother's uterus,

Postwar Petroleum Order

Postwar Petroleum Order Post-1945, there emerged an international oil establishment named the postwar petroleum order. Before 1939, the output of petroleum in the Middle Eastern countries was not high and the region contributed only a marginal share to the world petroleum production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Postwar Petroleum Order specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before the postwar years, British Petroleum (BP) was the dominant player in the petroleum market however, after the war, five American companies broke BP’s monopoly. This postwar order was characterized by a corporate consolidation of the major oil companies in the Middle East. The primary aim of the order was to maximize the production of petroleum in the Persian Gulf and supply the increased postwar energy requirement of the Europe (Citino 137). By 1948, United States had become one of the major importers of petroleum from the Middle Eastern countries. The era of C old War diplomacy saw a rise in the energy requirement of the country, which made the rich oil resources of the Gulf indispensable to the endeavor (Painter Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 489). The oil from the gulf was important as this provided a cheap source to help reconstructing the damage World War II had done on Europe. Further, defending the tattered Europe after the war was essential to guarantee development in the US. The postwar petroleum order consisted of a tangible infrastructure resource to deliver oil to the European countries. The only infrastructure that supported the petroleum order then was the Suez Canal, and two other pipelines in the Middle East (Citino 137). The political volatility of the Middle East in the postwar years only created greater problems for the petroleum order. Further, the creation of Israel in 1948 only added to the problems of the order as the Arab League members were skeptical of the Jewish nation and created a state embargo on supplying p etroleum to the Western countries.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the postwar petroleum order, marred by volatility in oil supply due to regional conflict and political condition of the Gulf, was annihilated. Thus, post 1970s the United States under the administration of President Bush started diversifying the oil sources. This ended the postwar petroleum order to bring forth a new order. This paper probes into the postwar petroleum order. Initially the paper will concentrate on delineating the reasons behind rise of the post petroleum order and the reasons that contributed to their downfall. The paper will then discuss what the new petroleum order was and the reasons why this order came into being. Then drawing from the reasons of rise and demise of postwar petroleum order, the paper will try to intuitively understand the probable fate of the new order. Ris e and Fall of the Postwar Petroleum Order One of the key outcomes of the World War II was postwar control over natural resources (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 486). The prewar and postwar petroleum order saw a marked coalition between the United States and Great Britain to control the production and supply of oil in the market in order maintain stability in the oil market. In 1944, the two countries were signatories of the Petroleum Agreement, which formally established the joint control over the oil resources of the Gulf. Thus, the emergence of an Anglo-American collaboration created a postwar oil order (Citino 139). As early as 1933, Standard Oil of California had signed agreement with the King of Saudi Arabia, as the US oil companies were skeptical of the influence of the United Kingdom over the Saudi oil reserves due to the financial constraints of the Arab king. In 1943, the US government survey pointed out that the Middle East had become the â€Å"center of gravi ty† and the â€Å"world oil production† was â€Å"shifting from the Gulf-Caribbean region to the Middle East† (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 493).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Postwar Petroleum Order specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before World War II, the US government provided diplomatic support to the private US companies like Standard Oil Company of California and Texas Company, to receive concession in foreign countries. However, with the end of the war, the US government entered into an agreement with Britain to collaborate and not compete in pursuing the oil resources in Middle East. However, this Anglo-American oil agreement was opposed by private US companies, who feared would reduce oil prices, due to cheap imports from Gulf due to government intervention (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 493). These issues were believed to be strong by a few members of the Cong ress, which resulted in a return to the Open Door diplomacy where private companies would operate in security, and profitably as government, initiative was limited to indirect involvement with oil matters in the Gulf. However, the US government had to take an active interest in the volatile political situation in the Middle East due to rise in Islamic nations. During the World War II, Iran was occupied by the erstwhile USSR and the UK. Strategic analysts believed Iran to be vital for both the US and the USSR due to the critical geopolitical location of the country and its abundant oil resources. Right after the war, in the early forties, Iran too wanted to attract US oil companies in order ease the influence of the USSR and Britain. US on the other hand, wanted to remove foreign influence and military occupancy in Iran, sought to influence the Iranian government to recover the natural resources. The Truman Doctrine helped the US established its control over the northern region of Ir an, Turkey, and Greece, therefore, establishing control over the eastern parts of the Mediterranean and Middle East (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 495). This helped the country to retain control over the oil resources in the Middle East and prevented the entry of the USSR in the region. The reason for this political move of the US was vested with two intent – first was to ease off the balance of payment problems of the country through increasing business of oil through US companies in the US, and second, keeping the Soviet out of Middle East thus, establishing control, in order to establish a military base, which can launch an attack on Soviet Russia in the event of a war (Citino 140).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was the time when there occurred all the â€Å"great oil deals† in order to secure the expansion of the oil supply in Middle and Near East. The result of this was the formation of the private system of an international production management that helped in oil production in Middle East and its incorporation with the global market. The US government strategically gained control over half of the oil share in Middle East by coordinating with the large private oil companies and the oil rich Arab nations. The postwar petroleum order was a profitable venture for the US oil companies and a political and strategic success for the US until the formation of Palestine in 1947. President Truman supported the UN plan to partition Palestine into two parts and recognize the state of Israel was the first step to offend the Arab partners. This created an opening for the USSR to enter the Middle Eastern oil industry in 1950 and 1960s. This helped in the expansion of the automobile industry in Western Europe and Japan in between 1950 and 1970 (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 498). The main issue with the arrangement of the west with the Middle East arose with the rise of the question of limiting western military capability in the Middle East and the declining power of Britain. The main issue that the US faced strategically was not military threat from the USSR, rather the growth of anti-Western feeling and Islamic nationalism in the Middle East. This instilled a fear among the US policymakers that this rise of Arab nationalism could facilitate the expansion of the Soviet in the region. Both Britain and the US wanted retain control over the Middle Eastern oil resources for strategic reasons, but disagreed on the nature of diplomacy to be used to counter the rise of nationalism in the region (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 499). The US was in favor of meeting the demand of the nationalists of higher share in profits from the oil industry as long as they did not post a threat to the US strategic control and the operations of the private corporate in the Middle East. On the other hand, Britain’s balance of payment was more dependent on the oil revenues from the Gulf and therefore, was reluctant to give into the demand of the nationalists. The Anglo-Iranian oil venture was critical for Britain as this was its most important overseas investment and the country’s balance of payment was largely dependent on it (Painter, â€Å"Oil, Resources, and the Cold War† 499). United States too shared similar apprehensions regarding the rising Arab nationalism but it was more concerned with the effect the forceful reverse-nationalization in Gulf by Britain would have on the emerging turmoil in Iran (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 499). The US believed any adverse move by the British would undermine the position of the Iranian shah enhancing the position of the pro-Soviet Tudeh party, and may result in an interven tion from within the region. The nationalization of the Suez Canal by the Egyptian nationalist leader, Gamal Abdel Nasser, created problems for the passage of oil from the Gulf to the West, as the canal was the chief passage for the western companies. To worsen the situation, Britain along with France and Israel developed a plan to gain control over the canal and avenge Nasser’s action through military retaliation. Due to this, Syria and Saudi Arabia stopped their supply of oil to these countries. Britain and France believed that the US would help them by supplying oil during the war torn years. However, President Eisenhower refused to provide petroleum to Britain and France and threatened to cut away all aid to Israel if they did not refrain from the attack. This strong pressure from the US government helped to stop the impending war, and major oil companies supplied Europe with oil as long as the canal did not open. The Suez crisis was a burning example to the western world the rising Arab nationalism posed to the western world. Thus, it altogether was a threat to US plans to rebuild Western Europe with the oil from the Gulf. Nasser pushed the cause of Arab nationalism to gain control of their oil resources and use to further political agenda of the Middle East. The main aim was to reduce western dominance in their oil resources, economic development of the Arab nations who were not rich in natural resources, and annihilation of Israel (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 501). The fear was surmounted due the mutual distrust between the USSR and the US. The latter constantly feared that turmoil in the Middle East would open the doors for the Soviet and their allies to take control over the oil rich region, adding to their military and economic position. The US was always skeptical of the Soviet influence in the region, and therefore, Eisenhower helped the rise of the conservative Islamists in the region to drive away communism and nationalism fr om the region (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 500). The key rout through which oil was marketed to the Western Europe was through Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 501). For formation of the United Arab Republic through the joining of Syria and Egypt in 1958 only created additional problem to the oil route. Further, a coup on the pro-west monarchy of Iraq through a nationalist revolution in July 1958 created additional problems. US assumed Nasser’s interference in the coup but refrained from any military retaliation, as it would have destabilized the situation further. However, the leaders of the nationalist party who helped the coup, agreed to respect the agreement with US and Britain regarding oil supply from the country (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 502). Both the western countries sent army to Lebanon and Jordan, to reestablish control over the region (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 502). Howeve r, the possibility of communist control of Iraq and other Middle Eastern countries posed a special problem, especially during the Cold War era. Iraq posed a threat to the Arab nationalism and garnered support from Britain who viewed Nasser of Egypt as a greater threat. However, the US believed that communist inclination of the Iraqis could pose a greater threat to the volatile condition of the Middle East and by extension to the oil issue of the west. With the disassociation of General Abd aI-Karim Qasim from the Baghdad Pact and his increasing association with the Iraqi Communist Party created further drift between Nasser and Qasim (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 502). In 1961, after Kuwait gained sovereignty, Qasim declared that Kuwait was a part of Iraq. Kuwait being the fourth largest oil producing country was the largest supplier to Britain (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 503). If Kuwait was to become a part of Iraq, it would be an unprofitable situation f or Britain and US, and so they sent troops to Kuwait to safeguard the country from Iraqi attack (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 503). The Arab League quickly followed suit with troops from Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and United Arab Emirates, thus helping in successful evacuation of troops from Kuwait, yet maintain control over their stakes in Kuwait’s oil resoruces (Painter, Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 503). The US along with Britain aimed to annihilate the rising power of Qasim and the communist party in Iraq, and therefore brought forth the Bath Party in 1963. With the formation of the Organization of Petroleum Producing Countries (OPEC) consisting of the major oil producing and exporting countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Venezuela in Baghdad in 1960 (Painter Oil, Resources, and the Cold War 504). OPEC gained power over the prices of oil in the international market, reducing the dominance of the western oil companies to control the internationa l oil prices; it was greatly detrimental to the goals of Arab nationalism. Further, the breaking up of the United Arab Republic and the building of super tanks that could bypass the Suez Canal created further impediment on the nationalist agenda. Thus, it was in the 1960s that the fears of any further soviet take over of the Middle Eastern oil, almost subsided. The New Oil Order The postwar petroleum order thus, emerged through a continuous process of political diplomacy in the Middle East which primarily aimed at gaining control over the oil resources by the US and Britain. The US employed soft diplomacy to control the oil resources of the Middle East and their desire to keep communism away from the region led to various event, which eventually led to the demise of the order. The aim of the US and Britain was simply to establish themselves as the leaders in oil production in the world during the postwar era (Painter, â€Å"Oil and the American Century† 24-26). Some critics o f American policy believe that the soft political approach of America to intervene in the Middle Eastern issues and the creation of the postwar oil order was simply a vehicle to establish American hegemony in the world (Kubursi and Mansur 8). Britain was completely out of the political scenario by 1979, when after the gradual fall of the appeal of the Arab nationalists, there arose a wave of Islamist allegiance in the Middle East. The Suez crisis in 1957 clearly demonstrated that the US would not deter from using force on Middle East if there was a need for it, as was pointed out by President Eisenhower in 1957: â€Å"I think you have, in the analysis presented in the letter, proved that should a crisis arise threatening to cut the Western world off from the Mid East oil, we would have to use force.† (Kubursi and Mansur 8). This point of view came into effect almost two decades later in the conflict between the USSR and US on Afghan soil, after the fall of the shah of Iran to the rising Islamic forces. Many believe that hegemonic control over the Middle Eastern oil remains the source of global power for the US (Kubursi and Mansur 9). Thus, the picture became clearer in 1973 when OPEC quadrupled the prices of oil in the wake of Israel-Arab conflict (Kubursi and Mansur 9). Critics of American hegemony in Middle East have pointed out that the Gulf War orchestrated against Iraq in the nineties was aimed at establishing democracy in an authoritarian rule of Saddam Hussein and the western intervention aimed to safeguard Kuwait from the autocratic, illegal, invasion but the a means to control over the Kuwaiti oil resources (Frank 268). Had the intentions of the western allies and champions of democracy been pure they would have waged similar war against South Africa for continued apartheid policy, or Iraq’s invasion of Iran, or the USSR’s invasion in Afghanistan (Frank 268). Thus, evidently the reason was oil and managing some other domestic econ omic problems (Frank 271). Iraq was also trying to handle the economic pressure that oil industry had posed on its economy due to the recession (Billion 691). The oil politics shaped the foreign policy of the US in the postwar era. The petroleum order then created was through soft politics, which established the private, oil companies from the US to have control over petroleum from the world’s oil rich regions. However, with the Gulf War, political and military volatility, and increasing dependence of the US on the oil resources of the Middle East created major economic problems for US. Further, the rise of OPEC as a monopolistic controller of the oil supplies globally also posed a major problem to the hegemonic control of the US over the oil resources. This led to the establishment of the new oil order by the Bush administration to maintain their supremacy and continue the flow of oil to the western hemisphere. The aim of the US was to look for new oil rich regions that woul d become sources of cheap oil. However, the lessons from the past history of the control over oil has led to believe that even if initial control can be established over the poor, but oil rich regions, eventually they emerge as a force in the world politics undermining the hegemony of the west. Billion, Phhillipe Le. Corruption, Reconstruction and Oil Governance in Iraq. Third World Quarterly 26.4-5 (2005): 685 – 703. Print. Citino, Nathan J. Defending the ‘postwar petroleum order’: The US, Britain and the 1954 Saudi†Onassis Tanker deal. Diplomacy and Statecraft 11.2 (2000): 137-160. Print. Frank, Andre Gunder. Third World War: A political economy of the Gulf War and the new world order. Third World Quarterly 13.2 (1992): 267-282. Print. Kubursi, Atif A. and Salim Mansur. Oil and the Gulf War: An American Century or A New World Order. Arab Studies Quarterly 15.4 (1993): 1-17. Print. Painter, David S. Oil, Resources, and the Cold War. T (2010):. Leffler, Me lvyn P. and Odd Arne Westad. The Cambridge History of the Cold War 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 486-506. Print. - . Oil and the American Century. The Journal of American History 99.1 (2012): 24-39. Print.

American Fiction in the beginning of XX century Essay

American Fiction in the beginning of XX century - Essay Example Moreover, contrasting of the North and the South in America are common points for these authors. This can be explained by the changes in the American society that occurred during this period. After the World War I people were tired of cruelties and violence and have already lost their self-identities. Culture and identity are so closely connected that the restoration of the whole cultures was greatly dependent on the restoration of separate individual’s identity. There was a need for people to restore their ideals for worshipping. An inner world of an individual was devastated. This can be shown on the example of Sally Carrol from Fitzgerald work, when she imagined â€Å"the Ice Palace†. This place was a spiritual asylum for the main heroine, where she wanted to escape from the scares of the Great War in Europe. Nevertheless, the main heroine fails when she tries to forget about her past in the South and dreams about her future in the future in the North. In the work by Faulkner â€Å"That Evening Sun† Southerners are also reflected in a negative light. Controversies between white and black people are another logical outcome of constant opposition between the North and the South of America. In the work by Steinbeck historical context is less evident.

Unit 5 discussion art and hummanities Research Paper

Unit 5 discussion art and hummanities - Research Paper Example Instead of keeping the hopelessness to himself, he would even discourage the wife who at least had some fire (Yezierska, 1997). James Hughes Langston was born in 1902, in Missouri. He was raised by his grandmother following the divorce of his parents. At thirteen, he later moved to Illinois to join his mother who lived her husband. It was hear that James began his writing career as a poet. James Hughes after graduating from the University of Colombia, spent a couple of years participating in odd jobs such as launderer, busboy and seaman. His many works of poetry, plays, short stories and novels majorly revolved around the black life in America. He later succumbed to prostate cancer and hitherto, is remembered for his huge input on the works of literature. That affects people all over the world. There are some basic needs and desires that apply to the whole world and most people are bound to relate to a story that dwells on such. I perceived the poem as a cry for justice. The poet vented out the inequalities that existed in America, and personified most oppressed groups and the hopes and desires that lie within them. He does not end on a gloomy note since he offers hope that maybe someday this people will have equal opportunities when America becomes what it ought to be. The idea behind the poem is to show that to depict America as having the ideal of equality would be hypocritical. This is because most opportunities are taken up by the elite without regard to the lower classes of the community. In some instances, these opportunities are not even meant for them, they just grab them. Ted Kooser who was born in 1939 in Ames, Iowa received his first Bachelor degree in Arts from Iowa State and later earned his master’s degree in the same field from the University of Nebraska. He has authored and co-authored more than ten collections of poetry and books both fiction and non-fiction. Kooser’s works of poetry is

The Application Of Clinical Effectiveness In Physiotherapy

The Application Of Clinical Effectiveness In Physiotherapy SCIPS (2006) defined Physiotherapy as a science-based health care profession which emphasises the use of physical approaches in the promotion, maintenance and restoration of an individuals physical, psychological and social well-being through various interventions, supported and influenced by evidence of clinical effectiveness and practitioners may work independently or as members of the health care team. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation services in Oman is still in the young phases where most of our practices follows the traditional method, and evidence based approach involves reading international journals, research papers and attendance to seminars, conferences and postgraduate courses. The services have not been accompanied by a comparable increase in systematic evidence. Few practices have been evaluated either for their efficacy in carefully controlled circumstances or for their effectiveness in typical clinical situations, however to keep abreast with our clinical approach and to attain clinical effectiveness in our services, we need to develop strategies and audits to identify areas of improvement and ways of implementing effective and evidence based care. The essay will demonstrate the action plan by using the quotes of Graham (1996) on clinical effectiveness. The impact of guidelines, auditing and cost- effectiveness will also be discussed within sections of this essay. Clinical Effectiveness NHS Quality Improvement Scotland (NHS QIS 2005) described clinical effectiveness as the extent to which specific clinical interventions do what they are intended to do, i.e. maintain and improve the health of patients securing the greatest possible health gain from the available resources. They further described clinical effectiveness as critical thinking about actions, questioning whether it has the desired result, and about making positive changes to practice. They also continued to describe clinical effectiveness by using the same quotes as Graham 1996. National Health Service (2009) aimed to achieve clinical effectiveness strategy by developing a culture where clinical effectiveness is seen as being integral to the day-to-day provision of clinical care. Furthermore, through the development of an integrated work programme, setting out the structures, priorities, and implementing and monitoring national guidance, standards and policy. Evidence -Based Practice. Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) is the process of systematically reviewing, appraising and using clinical research findings to aid the delivery of optimum clinical care to patients (Belsey J, Snell T(2009). Hospital management.net (2005) in their review of rehabilitating physiotherapy stated that evidence-based practice is currently becoming a basic ethical stand in physiotherapy and other fields of healthcare. The purpose of evidence-based practice is to make any decision-making on diagnosis and treatment proceeds from proven knowledge in the field concerned. Herbert R et al (2005) in their review of practical evidence-based physiotherapy pointed out that research alone is not enough, it is most effective when patients, health professionals and policy makers bring to their decisions a range of values, preferences, experiences and knowledge. Clinical effectiveness as quoted by Graham (1996) the right persons, doing the right thing, the right way, in the right place, at the right time with the right result The philosophy in this essay involves team members collecting knowledge of the available service, and then using evidence from a wide range of sources to inform the outcome, linked to the priorities facing the profession. Also develop frameworks to guide ongoing development such as competency framework, and an integrated care pathway, through implementation of patient care knowledge. The process for development will be timely and detailed, and will be actively disseminated using strategic planning to promote implementation and later will be evaluated. Success for the development of clinical effectiveness and evidence-based care would be for the team to experience a constructive and enabling process that contributes to their continuing professional development and progression of research knowledge and skills. The following sections will apply the parameters of Grahams quote to the practice of physiotherapy and rehabilitation through clinical effectiveness. The right persons-(competence) Epstein and Hundert (2002) defined professional competence as the habitual and judicious use of communication, knowledge, technical skills, clinical reasoning, emotions, values, and reflection in daily practice for the benefit of the individual and community being served The therapist has to be fully qualified and competent to be able to make decisions for therapeutic interventions, identify and analyse the patients condition, a particular clinical problem, should be able to identify and define standards relevant to clinical work, and have the knowledge of the subsequent intervention that might improve outcome. The right thing (evidence based practice resources) Graham (1996) quoted that evidence-based practice is about doing the right things right, and Muir Gray (1997) supported the emphasis on the process rather than on the result. Evidence can be gathered from a range of resources including published guidelines, journals articles, conferences, books, peer reviews, client feedbacks and other recourses from libraries. In order to attain the evidence based practice resources the social value must be identified and the impact of provider values on access to services and quality of care should be understood. Rebecca Broughton (2001) stated that clinical guidelines are systematically developed statements designed to help practitioners and patients decide on appropriate healthcare. It stated that guidelines reduce unacceptable or undesirable variations in practice and provide a focus for discussion among health professionals and patients. Furthermore, Van der Wees P and Mead J(2004) in their study on framework for clinical guideline development in physiotherapy concluded that clinical guidelines are a valuable resource for effective clinical practice and are important tools for clinical effectiveness and evidence based practice, and has the potential to improve the quality of patient care. The right way (skills and competence) The team will work collaboratively to deliver a new policy as per the needs through an evidence based approach system and evaluate new policy in the context of local and national priorities and critically review the nature of evidence in the context of the working environment. The right way to develop skills and competence and the necessary step will be observed such as; time to develop the services, required post training for the therapists, duration of training and resources such as current equipment, the evidence based researched journals and the financial implication. Protocols or specification must be developed and updated by ensuring staff development such as participation in Continuing Medical Education (CMEs) and ensuring confidence of current knowledge and skills through evidence based practice. Patients dignity and privacy must be equally maintained in all contexts of intervention. The right place (location of treatment/services) This will involve team work to audit and identify the geographical regions that need developing and observe the clinical practice, thus includes identifying priority areas of work to deliver the strategy, The performance will be audited to measure the quality of care the patient experienced including the effectiveness of implementing the best available evidence and then benchmarked against pre-set standards, changes will then be implemented where needed. The clinical audit process seeks to identify areas for service improvement, develop and carry out action plans to rectify or improve service provision and then to re-audit to ensure that these changes have an effect. (Wikipedia). The right time (provision of treatment/services) The team will determine and assess the clinical needs of care and interventions so as to develop the appropriate delivery of services as per the requirements and assess the cost effectiveness of the service delivery. The status of the current services, the type of patients, clinical intervention, time process, duration of treatment and location should be reviewed. Hurley et al (2009) in their study on effectiveness and clinical applicability of integrated rehabilitation programs for knee osteoarthritis showed that correct integrated rehabilitation programmes involving exercise and self-management are more clinically and cost effective and may be the best way of managing the large and increasing number of people suffering chronic knee pain. Another example from Santos et al (2004) in their project implementing clinical evidence in the management of coronary care provided a foundation for the development of a management strategy by using a multidisciplinary team approach, involving updating guidelines and resources. A positive outcome of the project was a reduction in hospital admission. An example in our local services was seen in a study of rehabilitation and management of elderly individuals following stroke which required an integrated approach from a multidisciplinary team. This minimised readmission of chronic cases and proved cost effective. Cost-effectiveness analysis should be done to address and ensure the efficient use of recourses and compare the financial costs of therapies whose outcomes can be measured purely in terms of health effect. (Alan Haycox 2009). Ceri. P. (2001) stated that one such method for measuring the extent of health gains is the quantity adjustment life year (QALY). The right result (clinical effectiveness/ maximising health gain) The results should be identified and reported to assess the benefits and patients satisfaction. The appraised research has to have valid and relevant information in the overall results that could be of clinical benefit safe, effective, cost beneficial and when used on the general population will make a difference. Hence health care authorities should develop appropriate use of evidence-based, standardized processes and centers of excellence to support easy reach of health care through a multidisciplinary care team of physiotherapy and rehabilitation. CONCLUSION This essay has discussed the mechanism of clinical effectiveness and evidence based practice in the context of physiotherapy and rehabilitation service. The essay has reflected on the needs and future expectations in the provision of a safe and effective care on a national scale. It has been found that in the context of providing effective rehabilitation, the implementation of up-to-date guidelines, auditing and cost evaluation are all paramount for the assessment of clinical effectiveness. In conclusion, clinical effectiveness in physiotherapy and rehabilitation services uses an integrated approach and can be thought of as the sum of the right person; as being the competent skilled therapist, backed with the right evidence, protocols and guidelines (the right way). In addition, an efficient well equipped environment. An ongoing review of such intervention and approach is required to evaluate and further improve the results of the provided service.

A Worn Path VS A Rose For Emily Essay

In the pages of the short stories, A Worn Path and A Rose For Emily we are able to see a similar side and connection between the two. As we look at the theme, tone, and morals we are able to better grasp the conflict in these two stories, while detecting whether the two protagonists, Miss Emily and Phoenix Jackson are mentally crazy. The main moral in A Worn Path is the love, and life of Phoenix Jackson. The path she travels across interrupts her life. Her love is the love and affection she has for her grandson. If we read the story closer then it may lead us to the conclusion that Phoenix really does not have a Grandson. Phoenix complains to the doctor that her Grandson has had a sore throat for an extremely long time. This may cause the reader to believe that she used to have a Grandson but he became so sick he died. Yet, at the same time Phoenix also shows her intellect by seeing the money fall out of the hunter’s jacket from a far off distance. In A Rose For Emily the main moral is that some people will do anything not to be alone when they feel scared, and afraid of being left again. Miss Emily’s father used to chase away all of her boyfriends or men she had feelings for. She became adapted to this life of only having her father and when he dies then she feels alone and doesn’t want to ever be alone again and she has not the knowledge to maintain her own boyfriend or husband. So she decides to kill her current crush and she keeps him in a locked room until the day she dies. When you compare the two books they have a very similar tone. Though the locations different they still connect through the same tone. Phoenix Jackson is on a trail walking to town to buy some medicine for her Grandson, while Miss Emily is locked up in her house with a dead man. If you were to not focus as much on the location and put your attention to their state of mind then you can see that they are in the same atmosphere. The tone in A Worn Path is for Phoenix to accomplish the task of getting medicine for her grandchild, while the reader can look at the path as the challenges of her life. Miss Emily on the other hand is just looking to not be so alone. They both know that if they set their mind to their goal then they can  accomplish anything they wish to. The theme is slightly different however. Miss Emily and Phoenix both have goals, but in A Worn Path Phoenix’s life is portrayed so much by the path itself. The path in the story tells the life of Phoenix. While Miss Emily is just a woman who sits at home and does not go out in public too often, she just wants to have company. Phoenix on the other hand had her mindset to go to town and socialize while purchasing the medicine. The conflict in A Rose For Emily is the conflict of human vs. human. However the story is told in a third person point of view, which does not gives us any insight to exactly what Emily, was thinking. The same goes for Phoenix, maybe if the story was told in a first person point of view we would know if they are crazy or sane, because we could get into their mind and tell what it is they were thinking. For example, we don’t know what Phoenix was thinking as she walked down the path, fell in the hole, and reached town. For Emily we could tell clearly if she was insane when she killed the man in her house by her thoughts and emotions. The conflict in A Worn Path is the battle between not only human vs. human but also human vs. nature. The battle of human vs. human lives in the mind of Phoenix but we have little insight of that because how the story is told in a third person not her mind. The next is human vs. nature because of the trials Phoenix has on the trail with the bumps, rocks, ditches, hunters, dogs, and etcetera. Therefore in the stories of A Worn Path and A Rose For Emily we see the similarities that linger in the mind of humans and they way they act to the observing eye. There are several things that are the same such as the tone, conflict, and they have relative morals. Yet they have a different theme to make the reader compare and contrast these two books and their differences.

Buddhism Essay Essay

One of the Buddha’s most significant teachings is that everyone is different, and hence each individual’s path to enlightenment is unique. For this reason, Buddhists acknowledge that they must take inspiration from a variety of sources to complete their individual journey to Nirvana. Belief in the concept of enlightenment is therefore important within Buddhism with different branches and schools giving varying emphasis to the many teachings of Buddha and his close followers, while some believe in Bodhisattvas, from whom they take motivation, all believe in shaping their individual effort to achieve enlightenment. Throughout this essay, the Buddha’s teachings on belief and enlightenment, how the four Noble Truths and Buddhist practices relate to belief and enlightenment, and the positions of the two major branches of Buddhism – Theravada and Mahayana – will all be analysed to determine the role of belief in Buddhism, and hence prove or disprove the a bove comments on enlightenment and belief for Buddhists. Enlightenment or _Nirvana_ is a supreme state; free from suffering, individual existence and all worldly concerns; such as greed, hate and ignorance. It is the ultimate goal of all Buddhists, breaking the otherwise endless cycle of death and rebirth known as samsara. Theravada Buddhism (â€Å"Doctrine of the Elders†) teaches that by refraining from all kinds of evil, purifying the mind and having a deep thirst for knowledge, â€Å"†¦ a Theravada Buddhist can reach the state of perfection and enter Nirvana.† (Oracle ThinkQuest, 2012) This knowledge comes almost entirely from the Tipitaka, meaning â€Å"three baskets†. This collection of scriptures contains slightly different versions between the two schools, but is considered to comprise of the most accurate accounts of the Buddha and his close disciples. It is important to note that Theravada Buddhists believe that due to the requirements for enlightenment, monks and nuns are significantly more likely to achieve Nirvana than lay people who should therefore focus on gaining good karma enabling them to be a monk or nun in their next rebirth. Mahayana Buddhism has a variety of scriptures, many of which have been written by high ranking monks since the time of the Buddha, in order to keep the teachings up to date with the culture of the period. Notably, they also  believe that all people have the capability to become enlightened. Apart from the different scripture emphasis, Mahayana Buddism is significantly diverse to Theravada due to the belief in multiple Buddhas and Boddhisattvas. Boddhisattvas are people of deep compassion who are said to delay entering Nirvana in order to help guide others to enlightenment. As such, Mahayana Buddhism adds to the Theravadan definition of Nirvana being the absence of self-centeredness (and therefore the absence of suffering) and the state of spiritual perfection, displayed by total compassion and concern for others. Two well-known Buddhist quotes which summarise the Buddha’s position on beliefs and enlightenment are: â€Å"Don’t blindly believe what I say. Don’t believe me because others convince you of my words. Don’t believe anything you see, read, or hear from others, whether of authority, religious teachers or texts. Don’t rely on logic alone, nor speculation. Don’t infer or be deceived by appearances.† â€Å"Find out for yourself what is truth, what is real. Discover that there are virtuous things and there are non-virtuous things. Once you have discovered for yourself give up the bad and embrace the good.† The above quotes help explain why Buddhists dislike teachings being referred to as beliefs. The first quote highlights the need for scepticism when reading the teachings. The second quote goes further by explaining the individuality of Nirvana, and the idea that not all teachings apply to everyone. Because followers of Buddhism are encouraged to challenge ideas presented and ascertain their own understanding of the major teachings, it is offensive to refer to this knowledge as belief, since `belief’ often refers to faith or trust in an idea(s) which has not been personally experienced. Hence Buddhists only believe in Nirvana, and the basic principles to reach their goal. Theravada and Mahayana both agree with the Buddha’s view that anyone can attain Nirvana, and one can do it within one’s present life if the Buddha’s instructions are followed carefully and applied sincerely. The two main branches of Buddhism have the same Four Noble Truths and interpret these  teachings in a similar manner. The only relevant difference is that Mahayana Buddhists have Bodhisattvas to aid in follower’s quests for Nirvana, whereas Theravada Buddhists believe that since this path is unique, it is the individual’s task to determine how to incorporate the Buddha’s teachings in their own lives. As stated on BuddhaNet, _†Theravada Buddhism places great emphasis on the clergy (Sangha) as the only ones capable of attaining Nirvana__.†_ (Lyall, 2008). As such, the role of the laity (lay people: normal householders) in Theravada Buddhism is to support the clergy and lead a good life according to the Buddha, in the hope of a better rebirth. Whilst it is not taught that a lay person cannot reach enlightenment, as this would be going against a popular teaching of the Buddha, it is perceived as highly unlikely. In return for the lay people’s support, it is common for the monks to teach the laity, provide advice and conduct ceremonies such as marriages. In contrast, the Mahayana Teachings encourage both the laity and the clergy to become Boddhisattvas and attain enlightenment in their current life. Especially in the case of the laity, belief in the possibility of enlightenment at some stage in the many rebirths a person can undergo, is vitally important and an integral part of not only the religion, but the various cultures the religion exists within. The Four Noble Truths are the essence of the Buddha’s teachings. Similar to a doctor’s method for analysing a health issue, the Buddha has diagnosed the problem (suffering) and identified the cause (of the suffering) within the first and second Noble Truths. The third Noble Truth is the description of a cure, while the fourth is the prescription and instructions to recover. Buddhists believe in the Four Noble Truths in the hope of getting closer to enlightenment and find these teachings realistic and hopeful, rather than pessimistic. The first Noble Truth, suffering (Dukkha), describes suffering as presenting itself in many forms of which some are obvious, such as old age, sickness and death (which Buddha encountered immediately after leaving his palace), and others more subliminal. Buddha explained the problem in a more profound way, teaching that all human beings are subject to desires and cravings but acquiring satisfaction from these desires and pleasure is temporar y and will not last without becoming monotonous. The origin of suffering (Samudaya) is the second Noble Truth, and consists of Buddha’s  claims to have found the cause of all suffering – desire (tanha) – which comes in three forms (which have had various names including the Three Roots of Evil, the Three Fires and the Three Poisons). These forms are the ultimate source of suffering, and are; greed and desire, ignorance or delusion, and hatred and destructive urges. The way to extinguish desire is to liberate oneself from attachment, as is explained in the third Noble Truth – Cessation of Suffering (Nirodha). This truth states that attaining enlightenment involves extinguishing the three fires of greed, delusion and hatred and could be considered as a `definition’ for Nirvana. The path to the cessation of suffering (Magga) is the fourth Noble Truth and is often referred to as the Eightfold Path because Buddha outlined a set of eight principles to follow. These are the right understanding, intenti on, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. Theravada Buddhism, being the more traditionalist branch, follows the practices that have been passed down by senior monks since the Buddha’s time. These traditions or practices include living in forests and performing both sitting and walking meditation. As part of their early training, Theravadan monks and nuns generally live in huts called `kutis’ situated in forests. These huts are built on stilts to keep animals and insects out and have a path for walking meditation. Older monks and nuns are not required to live in the forest, often residing in monasteries. Early each morning and evening, the monks and nuns from a particular school meet together for meditation and recitation. After these ceremonies, which are called _pujas_, they are required to study the Dharma. An important ritual carried out by people entering the temples is to wash their feet with water which has been carried up to the monastery from a stream, generally found below in the forest. The goal of the monks and nuns is to become an _Arhat_, a person free of suffering, through the meditation. Once free of suffering they can continue on their path to Nirvana. Different forms of Mahayana Buddhism have different religious practices. These practices are often heavily influenced by the culture of the society the Buddhist school(s) resides in. Tibetan Buddhist temples are heavily â€Å"†¦decorated with many kinds of Buddha images and wall hangings called  _thankas_.† Big prayer wheels, containing mantras written on strips of rice paper, are set into the walls of the temple while smaller, handheld versions are also common. Tibetan monks generally live in these temples and in between turning the prayer wheels and studying the various teachings, they hold various festivals. These festivals incorporate an array of prayer flags and other colourful decorations to celebrate significant periods. Japanese and Chinese monasteries are very similar to the Tibetan’s, but often with less vibrant, colourful decorations and less festivals. The monks and nuns recite Sutras and sit in meditation together regularly, akin to their Tibetan counterparts. The idea of studying, reciting and meditation in Mahayana Buddhism is to endeavour to accelerate the monks and nuns journey’s to enlightenment, in order that they can become Bodhisattvas and assist others as they near their journey’s end. Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism are very similar with regard to the fundamental teachings. They both accept Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) as the Teacher, have identical Four Noble Truths (and therefore Eightfold Path), share ideas on the origins of the world, practice their faith similarly and accept many comparable Buddhist concepts. The only outright difference is the scriptures they most value and consider authoritative, which affect the general path members of each branch follow to attain Nirvana. Belief in the concept of enlightenment is therefore important within Buddhism with different branches and schools giving varying emphasis to the many teachings of Buddha and his close followers, while some believe in Bodhisattvas, from whom they take motivation, all believe in shaping their individual effort to achieve enlightenment. BIBLIOGRAPHY BBC, 2009a. BBC – Religions – Buddhism: Meditation [WWW Document]. BBC Religions. URL http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/customs/meditation_1.shtml BBC, 2009b. BBC – Religions – Buddhism: The Four Noble Truths [WWW Document]. BBC Religions. URL http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/beliefs/fournobletruths_1.shtml Dr. C. George Boeree, 2000. Buddhist Meditation [WWW Document]. Shippensburg University. URL http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/meditation.html GCSE RE site, 2011. Revision: Buddhism [WWW Document]. GCSE RE Site. URL http://www.mmiweb.org.uk/gcsere/revision/buddhism/keybeliefs/6_theravada.html Goldburg, P., Blundell, P., Jordan, T., 2009. Investigating religion. Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne, Vic. Gunasekara, V., 2012. Basic Buddhism [WWW Document]. URL http://www.vgweb.org/bsq/basbud.htm#ch5 Gursam, L., 2009. The Importance of Meditation [WWW Document]. URL http://www.lamagursam.org/importance_of_meditation.html Harderwijk, R., 2011. The Four Noble Truths [WWW Document]. View on Buddhism. URL http://viewonbuddhism.org/4_noble_truths.html Heckert, L., 2012. An Overview of Buddhist Meditation [WWW Document]. Johansson, R., Tillekeratna, A., De Silva, L., 2012. Buddhist Studies: Nirvana [WWW Document]. URL http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/dharmadata/fdd43.htm Lyall, G., 2008. Buddhist Studies: The Rise of the Mahayana [WWW Document]. BuddhaNet. URL http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/maha2.htm Nikaya, S., 2012. The Fourth Noble Truth [WWW Document]. BuddhaNet. URL http://www.buddhanet.net/cmdsg/truths5.htm Oracle ThinkQuest, 2012. Buddhism: Buddha [WWW Document]. Oracle ThinkQuest Library: Projects by Students for Students. URL